Аудирование ЕГЭ вариант 10 задание 3 HD

Аудирование (скрипты и ответы под видео) Ответ: 3-3, 4-2, 5-1, 6-3, 7-3, 8-1, 9-2 Now we are ready to start. The accident at the Fukushima power plant in Japan has led to much discussion about the future of nuclear power. I believe one important lesson of the accident has been overlooked. Nuclear power is often touted as a solution to climate change, but Fukushima serves as a warning that far from solving the climate problem, nuclear power may be highly vulnerable to it. Of course, the emergency in Japan was caused by an earthquake and tsunami. But the effects of climate change could cause very similar problems. Two facts that everyone should now know about nu­ clear power are that it needs access to large volumes of water to cool the reactor and a supply of energy to move the water. For this reason nuclear power plants are typically sited near large bodies of water. It is this attachment to water that makes nuclear power vulnerable to climate change. First of all, coastal areas are highly dynamic: storms batter, and land shifts. This already poses problems for the safety of nuclear plants, and is only going to get worse. Secondly, nuclear power can be disrupted by water scarcity and rising water temperatures. Nuclear regulators are already well aware of several safety issues, including flooding, loss of pow­ er and equipment malfunction. Hurricanes pose a major threat. Many climate models predict an in­ crease in hurricane intensity. Even if they are wrong, existing reactors were built during a period of historically low hurricane activity and a return to baseline seems likely. This is not to say an accident will happen every time a hurricane passes by a nuclear power plant. Unlike earthquakes, hurricanes can be predicted, allowing time for preparation. Still, preventative measures are not always taken. For instance, during hurricane Francis in 2004 doors designed to pro­ tect safety equipment from flying debris at the St Lucie nuclear power plant in Florida were left open. Another cause for concern is floods. All nuclear power plants are designed to withstand a certain level of flooding based on historical data, but these figures do not take climate change into account. Floods due to sea-level rise and heavy rain will increase in frequency. Heat waves are another serious concern, for two reasons. First, the colder the cooling water enter­ ing a reactor, the more efficient the production of electricity. And second, once the cooling water has passed through the system, it is often discharged back where it came from in a much warmer state. During the 2003 heat wave in Europe, reactors at inland sites in France were shut down or had their power output reduced because the water receiving the discharge was already warmer than envi­ ronmental regulations allowed. Citing ‘exceptional circumstances’, the French government rel