The First Hominins? HD

The first steps in human evolution. A quick run down of the three main hominins known from the Miocene & Pliocene, over 4 million years ago. Thanks for watching! https://www.patreon.com/stefanmilo Thanks to Amanda Rossillo for being a huge help with research and script writing. https://twitter.com/amanda_rossillo Thumbnail by Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/ Animation by Jimmy Mead Sources: 1 - Ayala, Francisco José, and Cela Conde Camilo José. Processes in Human Evolution: the Journey from Early Hominins to Neanderthals and Modern Humans. Oxford University Press, 2018. 2 - Harcourt-Smith, William H. E. “The First Hominins and the Origins of Bipedalism.” Evolution: Education and Outreach, vol. 3, no. 3, 2010, pp. 333–340., doi:10.1007/s12052-010-0257-6. 3 - Mcnulty, Kieran P. “Apes and Tricksters: The Evolution and Diversification of Humans’ Closest Relatives.” Evolution: Education and Outreach, vol. 3, no. 3, 2010, pp. 322–332., doi:10.1007/s12052-010-0251-z. 4 - Allentoft, Morten E., et al. “The Half-Life of DNA in Bone: Measuring Decay Kinetics in 158 Dated Fossils.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 279, no. 1748, 2012, pp. 4724–4733., doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1745. 5 - Moorjani, Priya, et al. “Variation in the Molecular Clock of Primates.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 113, no. 38, 2016, pp. 10607–10612., doi:10.1073/pnas.1600374113. 6 - Patterson, Nick, et al. “Genetic Evidence for Complex Speciation of Humans and Chimpanzees.” Nature, vol. 441, no. 7097, 2006, pp. 1103–1108., doi:10.1038/nature04789. 7 - Presgraves, Daven C., and Soojin V. Yi. “Doubts about Complex Speciation between Humans and Chimpanzees.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol. 24, no. 10, 2009, pp. 533–540., doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.007. 8 - Welker, Frido, et al. “The Dental Proteome of Homo Antecessor.” Nature, vol. 580, no. 7802, 2020, pp. 235–238., doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2153-8. 9 - Su, D. F. (2013) . Nature Education Knowledge 4(4):11 https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-earliest-hominins-sahelanthropus-orrorin-and-ardipithecus-67648286/ 10 - Suwa, G., et al. “The Ardipithecus Ramidus Skull and Its Implications for Hominid Origins.” Science, vol. 326, no. 5949, 2009, doi:10.1126/science.1175825. 11 - White, T. D., et al. “Ardipithecus Ramidus and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids.” Science, vol. 326, no. 5949, 2009, doi:10.1126/science.1175802. 12 - Roberts, Alice M., et al. Evolution: the Human Story. DK Publishing, 2018. 13 - Zollikofer, Christoph P. E., et al. “Virtual Cranial Reconstruction of Sahelanthropus Tchadensis.” Nature, vol. 434, no. 7034, 2005, pp. 755–759., doi:10.1038/nature03397. 14 – Suwa, G., Kono, R. T., Simpson, S. W., Asfaw, B., Lovejoy, C. O., White, T. D. Paleobiological implications of the Ardipithecus ramidus dentition. Science, vol 326, 2009, pp. 69-99. 15 – Simpson, S. W., Levin, N. E., Quade, J., Rogers, M. J., Semaw, S. Ardipithecus ramidus pos